1. Target users
This atlas provides reference for architectural designers and photovoltaic system designers in Beijing, and also provides photovoltaic system design and installation guidance for design units, construction units and development and construction units.
II. Preparation Basis
1. General Specification for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings GB 55015
2. General Specification for Electrical and Intelligent Buildings GB 55024
3. Design Standard for Electrical Buildings for Civilian Use GB 51348
4. Design Specification for Photovoltaic Power Stations GB 50797
5. Technical Specification for Roofing Engineering GB 50345
6. Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures GB 50068
7. Design Specification for Lightning Protection of Buildings GB 50057
8. Code for Fire Protection of Building Design GB 50016
9. Technical Standard for Application of Photovoltaic Systems in Buildings GB/T51368
10. Design Specification for Photovoltaic Power Generation Access to Distribution Networks GB/T 50865
11. General Technical Requirements for Photovoltaic Components for Buildings JG/T 492
12. General Technical Requirements for Solar Photovoltaic System Brackets JG/T 490
13. Operation and Maintenance Specification for Photovoltaic Building Integrated Systems JGJ/T 264
14. "Residential Building Energy Saving Design Standard" DB11/891
15. "Public Building Energy Saving Design Standard" DB11/687
16. "Architectural Solar Photovoltaic System Design and Installation" 16J908-5
III. Scope of Application
1. General industrial and civil building photovoltaic system projects, agricultural greenhouses and other places shall refer to: 2. Design and installation of new buildings, photovoltaic systems for existing buildings or renovation of installed photovoltaic systems.
IV. Atlas Content
1. Principles of photovoltaic system selection, installation area calculation, design process and installation location of photovoltaic modules;
2. Requirements for photovoltaic building integrated design;
3. Selection and requirements of inverters;
4. Photovoltaic module structure and installation drawings for building skylights, roofs, walls, curtain walls, awnings and other parts.
V. Design requirements
1. Photovoltaic system and urban architectural style
1.1 Comprehensively consider economic, environmental and social benefits, and combine the building function, appearance and surrounding environmental conditions to design the installation location, installation method, component type and color selection of photovoltaic components, so as to maintain the coordination and unity between the photovoltaic system-related facilities and the overall architectural style of the city;
1.2 The main orientation of buildings using photovoltaic systems should be south or close to south, and the photovoltaic system installed in the building should not reduce the building sunshine standards of the building itself or adjacent buildings. Photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic components should meet the relevant standard requirements of the building installation location;
1.3 The design service life of photovoltaic modules should be higher than 25 years, and the attenuation rate of crystalline silicon modules should not exceed 2.5% in the first year, and not higher than 0.6% per year thereafter, and not higher than 17% within 25 years; the attenuation rate of thin-film modules should not exceed 5% in the first year, and not higher than 0.4% per year thereafter, and not higher than 15% within 25 years;
1.4 The design of photovoltaic systems should be based on the maximum operating temperature of photovoltaic cells under the design installation conditions of photovoltaic modules to ensure safe and stable operation of the system. 2. Building and structural design requirements
2.1 The application location of each component of the photovoltaic system in the building shall not affect the building function of the installation location;
2.2 Photovoltaic buildings shall carry out corresponding structural design for the installation structure of photovoltaic components, the main structure or structural components supporting the photovoltaic system and related connectors according to the type of photovoltaic system, and at the same time, the seismic fortification category shall be adapted to the fortification level required by the building;
2.3 When installing photovoltaic systems in new buildings, the loads and effects transmitted shall be considered;
2.4 When adding photovoltaic systems to existing buildings, the structural design, structural materials, durability, structure and strength of the installation location of the existing buildings shall be reviewed and calculated first, and the structure of the existing buildings where the photovoltaic system is installed shall be reliably appraised. When reinforcement is confirmed, it shall comply with the current national relevant structural reinforcement design specifications, meet the building structure and other corresponding safety performance requirements, and it is strictly prohibited to use buildings with hazard appraisal levels of C and D to build distributed photovoltaic power generation. For power projects, buildings with a hazard assessment level of B should be installed away from dangerous areas;
2.5 According to the installation location and load of the photovoltaic module (including deadweight load, installation load, snow load, wind load, earthquake effect, etc.), the embedded parts are calculated, the structural safety is verified, and the strength and stiffness of the connectors between the main structure of the building and the equipment support components (installation brackets) and the building structure components at the connection parts are verified; ensure that the anchor bearing capacity design value of the connector and the main structure is greater than the bearing capacity design value of the connector itself, and meet the safety and durability requirements;
2.6 The structure where the photovoltaic module is installed should be pre-embedded with fixed bolts for anchoring, and the anchor strength should be checked. It shall not be installed on non-structural load-bearing components;
2.7 There should be maintenance space around the photovoltaic module, and channels for construction and installation, daily maintenance and inspection should be reserved, and maintenance facilities should be set up. Wind protection measures should be set up in areas with high wind speeds;
2.8 The architectural design should provide the necessary conditions for the installation, daily maintenance and upkeep of the photovoltaic system, Photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic components as enclosure structures should meet the architectural requirements of the installation site, including but not limited to load-bearing, thermal insulation, heat insulation, ventilation, waterproofing, fire prevention and electric shock protection requirements. When installing on a slope roof with a slope greater than 10°, a special footboard should be set. When installing photovoltaic modules on the roof of a building, a safe passage for artificial snow melting and snow removal should be set. The width of the passage should not be less than 600mm;
2.9 The installation angle of photovoltaic modules should be considered in combination with the roof form. The installation angle of photovoltaic modules on a slope roof should be consistent with the slope of the building roof and should not be less than 5°. The installation angle of photovoltaic modules on a flat roof should be set at 5°~40°;
2.10 Photovoltaic modules should not be installed across the deformation joints of the building;
2.11 The base should be firmly connected to the main structure of the building and the construction should be completed by professional construction personnel; 2.12 The base built on site (cast) on the roof structure layer should be waterproofed after completion and
should comply with the current national standard "Roofing Engineering Quality Acceptance Code" GB 50207 and the General Code for Waterproofing of Buildings and Municipal Engineering GB 55030;
2.13 When installing a photovoltaic system on a concrete roof, the lowest point of the photovoltaic module should not be less than 300mm from the finished surface of the roof;
2.14 The photovoltaic module installation bracket and the connection structure with the main structure, waterproofing measures, etc. should be further designed by the designer according to the project situation.
3. Electrical design requirements
3.1 The electrical design of the photovoltaic system should be completed simultaneously with the building design. The roof photovoltaic system should be equipped with lightning protection and grounding measures. The lightning protection and grounding of the photovoltaic system should be combined with the design of the building lightning protection and grounding system. The installation of the photovoltaic system should not affect the lightning protection and grounding system of the building;
3.2 The wires passing through the roof or the outer wall should be provided with casings, and waterproof and sealing measures should be taken;
3.3 The photovoltaic junction box shall not be installed in high temperature and humid places;
3.4 The installation of the battery shall comply with the provisions of the current Beijing local standard "Electric Power Storage System Construction and Operation Specifications" DB11/T 1893;
3.5 The photovoltaic system connected to the grid should have corresponding grid protection and isolation functions;
3.6 The photovoltaic module should be marked with a live warning sign. In the position where personnel may contact or approach the photovoltaic system, an anti-electric shock warning sign should be set. The photovoltaic system should be equipped with a grid connection control device at the grid connection point, and a special sign and prompt text symbols should be set. Set electric shock warning signs according to design requirements. Safety protection measures;
3.7 Rooms equipped with power distribution devices can be equipped with fixed windows for lighting, and measures should be taken to prevent rain, snow, small animals, wind and sand, and dirty dust from entering;
3.8 The power quality of the photovoltaic system output power should comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards in force; 3.9 When the photovoltaic system is connected to the distribution network, it should comply with the following provisions:
(1) The grid connection mode and safety protection requirements of the photovoltaic system should comply with the provisions of the current national standards "Design Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Generation Connection to Distribution Network" GB/T50865 and "Design Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Station Connection to Power System" GB/T 50866;
(2) When the photovoltaic system adopts non-reverse grid connection, a reverse power protection device should be configured.
When the reverse current is detected to exceed 5% of the rated output, the photovoltaic system should stop supplying power to the grid within 2s;
() It should be able to monitor the power quality parameters of the grid connection point, and automatically disconnect the photovoltaic system from the distribution network when the limit is exceeded;
(4) The switch between the photovoltaic system and the distribution network should have the function of simultaneously cutting off the phase conductor and the neutral conductor. The function of the conductor;
(5) The photovoltaic system should be equipped with anti-islanding protection. When an island is detected, the connection with the distribution network should be disconnected;
(6) The photovoltaic system should be equipped with an electric energy metering device;
(7) The grid-connected box (cabinet) installed at the grid-connected location should be equipped with a warning sign, and an isolating switch and protection device with obvious breakpoints should be installed in the box (cabinet);
(8) The photovoltaic system can be connected to the distribution network by a dedicated line or T-connection. 3.10 The lightning protection and grounding of the photovoltaic system shall comply with the following regulations:
(1) A surge protector shall be installed in the photovoltaic junction box;
(2) The photovoltaic system shall be equipped with equipotential bonding;
(3) When laying the protective equipotential bonding conductor, it should be parallel to the DC cable, AC cable and accessories, and should be in close contact;
(4) On the DC side, ungrounded auxiliary equipotential bonding protection shall not be used;
(5) For objects with metal frames such as glass curtain walls and photovoltaic modules installed on the roof and facade of the building, the metal frame should be reliably connected to the building lightning protection device. 4. Agricultural photovoltaic design requirements
4.1 The installation of photovoltaic systems should meet the lighting requirements of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production at the same time. Photovoltaic systems should be installed under the condition that the lighting meets the requirements of agricultural production. Photovoltaic agricultural facilities should achieve reasonable control of photovoltaic power generation and crops planted in agricultural production without competing for lighting, temperature, humidity and other related factors, and meet the basic requirements of photovoltaic power generation installed capacity and efficient agricultural production;
4.2 The design of photovoltaic systems should be closely coordinated with the structural design of photovoltaic facilities, and the structural design should fully consider the basic requirements of agricultural production and photovoltaic systems;
4.3 When photovoltaic modules are installed on the roof of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, the load effect transmitted should be considered, and the structural design, structural materials, durability, structure and strength of the installation site of the building should be reviewed and calculated;
4.4 The design of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse systems should be combined with the greenhouse power system and agricultural production system for overall design.
5. PV building integration design process
5.1 The design of PV building integration application system should be designed, constructed and accepted simultaneously with the building design, and should comply with the provisions of the current Beijing local standard "Photovoltaic Building Integration Design Requirements" DB11/T 2037;
5.2 PV building integration design process
6.Maintenance requirements
6.1 PV power stations should be equipped with PV system intelligent operation and maintenance systems and building energy integrated management systems
;
6.2 Abnormal operation of PV system should be handled in time; Practice number
6.3 PV arrays of PV system should be maintained in the morning and evening when it is cloudy or without wind, snow or rain.
7. Construction and installation safety requirements
7.1 The building parts where photovoltaic modules are installed should be equipped with safety protection measures to prevent photovoltaic modules from being damaged or falling;
7.2 The design of photovoltaic brackets should be combined with the actual project, and materials, structural schemes and construction measures should be reasonably selected to ensure that the structure meets the strength, rigidity and stability requirements during installation and use, and meets the requirements of earthquake resistance, wind resistance and corrosion resistance;
7.3 The construction of the bracket foundation shall not damage the main structure and waterproof layer of the building (structure);
7.4 When using steel structure as the bracket foundation, the roof waterproofing project should be completed before the steel structure bracket construction, and the roof waterproofing layer should not be damaged during the steel structure bracket construction.
8. Requirements for power consumption
8.1 Photovoltaic systems should be connected to nearby distributed power sources and balanced and consumed nearby according to the construction scale, project characteristics, development plan and distribution network conditions;
8.2 The consumption method should be selected according to the distributed photovoltaic power generation and the power consumption capacity of the user unit:
(1) If 100% of the power generated by the photovoltaic system can be consumed nearby by the user unit, the "all for self-use" consumption method should be adopted;
(2) If more than 50% of the power generated by the photovoltaic system can be consumed by the user, the "self-generation for self-use and surplus power connected to the grid" consumption method can be adopted;
(3) If the power consumption capacity of the user unit is relatively weak, the "full amount connected to the grid" consumption method should be considered.